3월 13일 CNN 기사 - 유럽과 미국의 관세 전쟁

Trump threatens 200% tariff on European alcohol as trade war escalates(Thu March 13, 2025)

 

• 1st paragraph
  • President Donald Trump on Thursday threatened to impose a massive tariff on European alcohol in response to the European Union’s retaliation against his steel and aluminum tariffs – a tit-for-tat escalation of a trade war that could easily get out of hand.
    • get out of hand: 감당이 안 되는 상황이 되다, 통제를 벗어나다
      • spiral out of control, go off the rails
  • In a post on Truth Social, Trump said his administration would impose a 200% tariff on alcoholic beverages from the EU unless it rescinds the 50% tariff the European government imposed Wednesday on US spirits.
    • rescind: 철회하다, 폐지하다
      • revoke, repeal
    • spirits: (알코올이 강한) 증류주, 주류
      • liquor, alcoholic drinks
  • “If this Tariff is not removed immediately, the U.S. will shortly place a 200% Tariff on all WINES, CHAMPAGNES, & ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS COMING OUT OF FRANCE AND OTHER E.U. REPRESENTED COUNTRIES,” Trump said. “This will be great for the Wine and Champagne businesses in the U.S.”
    • place a tariff on (something): ~에 관세를 부과하다
  • America’s response to Europe’s response to America’s tariffs in the span of 36 hours shows how trade wars can quickly spiral out of control.
    • in the span of: ~의 기간 동안
  • After Trump’s 25% tariffs on aluminum and steel went into effect at midnight Wednesday morning, the EU immediately retaliated against what it called an “unjustified” trade action from the Trump administration.
  • The EU’s countermeasures included tariffs on €26 billion ($28 billion) worth of American goods, including tariffs on boats, bourbon and motorbikes.
    • countermeasures: 대응 조치, 보복 조치
  • The measures, which are set to go into effect in April, are “swift and proportionate,” the EU said in a statement.
    • proportionate: 비례하는, 균형 잡힌
      • commensurate
  • Stocks fell even deeper into the red Thursday on the trade war escalation.
  • The S&P 500 fell into correction territory, down 10% from its all-time high that it hit just three weeks ago.
  • America’s spirits industry said Wednesday it was bracing for pain from the retaliatory tariffs.
    • brace for: ~에 대비하다
      • get ready for, prepare for
  • Now, if the trade spat continues to escalate, US booze makers may need to contend with even more retaliation.
    • trade spat: 무역 분쟁
      • trade dispute
    • contend with: ~와 맞서다, ~을 처리하다
      • deal with, face

[요약]

• EU가 미국산 주류에 50% 관세를 부과
• 이에 대한 보복으로 트럼프는 200%의 보복 관세 발표
• EU도 280억 달러 규모의 미국산 제품에 보복 관세 발표

• 2nd paragraph
  • France is the top wine exporter to the US, shipping $2.5 billion worth of it last year, according to US Commerce Department data. Italy was a close second, sending $2.3 billion worth of wine to the US last year.
    • a close second: 근소한 차이로 2위
      • narrowly in second place, right behind
  • For both countries, wine is among the top goods they export to the US.

• French Trade Minister Laurent Saint-Martin said on Thursday that “Trump is escalating the trade war he has chosen to start” and that his country would “fight back.”
• “We will not give in to threats and will always protect our industries,” he wrote in a post on X.
  • give in to (something): ~에 굴복하다
    • yield to, surrender to
• Olof Gill, trade spokesperson for the EU Commission, called on the US “to immediately revoke” the steel and aluminum tariffs imposed yesterday in a Thursday briefing. “We want to negotiate, to avoid tariffs in the future,” he said. “They bring nothing but lose-lose outcomes, and we want to focus on win-win outcomes.”
  • call on: 요구하다, 촉구하다
    • urge, appeal to
  • nothing but: 오직 ~뿐이다
    • only, just
• Gill told CNN on Thursday that “calls are being prepared” between EU trade officials and their US counterparts.
  • counterparts: 상대방, 대응 관계에 있는 사람들
    • 공식적인 협상, 비즈니스 회의에서 양측의 대응하는 직위나 역할을 가진 사람을 지칭할 때 자주 사용
• Alcoholic beverages are one of the EU’s top exports to the US, according to data from the bloc.
• France shipped almost 27 million bottles of Champagne to the US in 2023, according to industry trade association Comité Champagne.
• That makes America the top destination for exports of the premium beverage ahead of the United Kingdom.
• Comité Champagne, which represents more than 300 Champagne houses, declined to comment, saying they defer to “our leaders in the European Union and the United States.”
  • defer to: ~에 결정을 맡기다, ~의 의견을 따르다
    • yeild to, respect the authority of
• The Irish Whiskey Association also said in a statement Thursday that tariffs put “jobs, investments and businesses at risk and (have) the potential to be devastating” for its industry.
  • devastate: 완전히 파괴하다, 엄청난 충격을 주다
• “There is no winner in a trade war,” the association said, noting that the US is its biggest trading partner.
• If the 200% tariffs go into effect, “it means your liquor store probably won’t stock it,” Justin Wolfers, an economics professor at the University of Michigan, told CNN. “My guess is it would drive imports of French wine to zero.”
  • drive (something) to zero: (무언가를) 완전히 없애다, 중단시키다
    • eliminate, bring to a halt

[요약]

• 주류는 유럽의 주요 수출품 중 하나
• 2023년 프랑스는 미국에 2,700만 병을 수출하면서 영국을 제치고 1위를 차지
• 유럽은 이러한 관세 정책에 대하여 lose-lose 전략이라고 비판

• 3rd paragraph
  • subtitle: Of course I will respond
  • Trump foreshadowed America’s retaliation in an Oval Office meeting Wednesday with Ireland’s Taoiseach, Micheál Martin. The president said he would respond to the EU’s retaliatory tariffs.
    • foreshadow: (앞으로 일어날 일을) 예고하다, 조짐을 보이다
      • hint at
  • “Of course I will respond,” Trump said.
  • On Thursday, Trump called the EU “one of the most hostile and abusive taxing and tariffing authorities in the World, which was formed for the sole purpose of taking advantage of the United States.”
  • He called the retaliatory tariff it imposed on US bourbon “nasty.”
  • But the problem with retaliation is it invites more retaliation, with no easy way out and no end in sight. Trump has signaled he’s not ending his tariff plan anytime soon.
    • no easy way out: 쉽게 해결할 방법이 없다
    • no end in sight: 끝이 보이지 않는다, 언제 끝날지 모른다
    • anytime soon: 가까운 시일 내에
  • Despite growing pushback from Wall Street, Trump has threatened a wide range of additional tariffs, including reciprocal tariffs scheduled for April 2. Those looming tariffs, if they move forward, could trigger a response from the EU.
    • pushback: 반발, 저항
      • 정책이나 결정에 대한 강한 반대 의사를 표현할 때
    • looming: (불길하게) 다가오는, 임박한
      • impending, approaching
  • “The U.S. doesn’t have Free Trade. We have “Stupid Trade,” Trump wrote on Truth Social Thursday. “The Entire World is RIPPING US OFF!!!”
  • US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Thursday the administration is currently targeting “strategic industries” such as steel, aluminum and “likely autos” for tariffs. “But everything else is up for grabs,” he said in a CNBC interview.
    • up for grabs: 불확실한 상태, 누구나 차지할 수 있는 상태
  • The decision to peel off any tariffs will boil down to actions US trading partners take, he added.
    • boil down to: ~로 귀결되다, 결국 ~에 달려 있다
  • Meanwhile, Canada has requested consultation with the World Trade Organization (WTO) over US tariffs on steel and aluminum, the WTO said in a statement on Thursday. Canada claims the tariffs violate trade rules.
    • over: ~에 관하여

[요약]

• 자유 무역에 대한 트럼프의 생각을 엿볼 수 있는 발언
  • “The U.S. doesn’t have Free Trade. We have “Stupid Trade,” Trump wrote on Truth Social Thursday. “The Entire World is RIPPING US OFF!!!”

• 4th paragraph
  • subtitle: American spirits in a slump
  • The US spirits industry called for calm Thursday.
  • “We want toasts not tariffs,” Chris Swonger, CEO of the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, said in a statement on Thursday.
    • toast: 축배
  • Swonger argued the US-EU spirits industry is the “model for fair and reciprocal trade, having zero-for-zero tariffs since 1997.”
  • American booze has become a frequent target of retaliatory tariffs in each of Trump’s terms. Much of US bourbon and whiskey production is located in states that voted for Trump, including Kentucky and Tennessee.
    • booze: 술 (비격식 표현)
  • Canada, for example, recently targeted Kentucky bourbon with tariffs in retaliation for Trump’s trade actions and threats against America’s northern neighbor. A number of Canadian retailers opted to pull American-made spirits off store shelves in response to Trump’s tariffs on Canada.
    • pull off: 철수하다, 제거하다
  • Last week, Lawson Whiting, the CEO of Jack Daniel’s whiskey maker Brown-Forman, blasted the tariffs, but said the decision to pull its spirits off stores shelves hurt even more.
    • blast: 강하게 비판하다
  • The EU’s 50% tariffs on American spirits are “deeply disappointing and will severely undercut the successful efforts to rebuild US spirits exports in EU countries,” Chris Swonger, CEO of the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States (DISCUS), said in a statement released Wednesday.
  • Whiting, speaking to Wine and Spirits Daily, said that describing the tariff situation as fluid “would be a massive understatement.” Although Brown-Forman has been planning for retaliation, Whiting said the escalation was unsurprising but nevertheless puts the company in “a tough spot.”
    • fluid: 유동적인
    • understatement: 과소평가
    • put (someone) in a tough spot: ~을 어려운 입장에 놓이게 한다
  • Meanwhile, the Unione Italiana Vini, which represents Italian winemakers, predicted Trump’s tariffs could cost the industry €1 billion ($1.1 billion).

[요약]

• 트럼프 임기마다 미국 주류 산업은 무역 전쟁의 타겟이 됌
• 특히 미국산 버번 위스키가 보복관세의 주요 대상이 되는데 해당 제품 생산의 상당 부분이 트럼프에게 투표한 켄터키와 테네시에 위치해있음