3월 11일 CNN 기사 - 캐나다와 미국의 관세 갈등

Trump reverses new tariffs threat on Canada after Ontario rescinds electricity charges(Tue March 11, 2025)

• rescind: 철회하다, 취소하다
  • revoke, cancel

출처: https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/11/business/tariffs-canada-trump/index.html

• 1st paragraph
  • President Donald Trump backed down from an extraordinary trade war escalation Tuesday that had threatened a massive surge in tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum and new tariffs on Canadian electricity.
    • back down: 물러서다, 철회하다
      • withdraw, retreat
    • escalation: 격화, 확대
      • intensification, increase
  • In turn, Ontario paused surcharges on electricity to US customers.
    • in turn: 그에 따라, 결과적으로
      • consequently, as a result
    • surcharge: 추가 요금, 할증료
      • extra fee, additional charge
  • After the back-and-forth tariff threats that sent markets sharply lower for a second day Tuesday, US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, Canada’s Minister of Finance Dominic LeBlanc and Ontario Premier Doug Ford said they would meet Thursday to renegotiate the free trade treaty known as the USMCA.
    • back-and-forth: 공방, 오락가락하는 상황
      • tir-for-tat
  • Ontario agreed to suspend its 25% surcharge on electricity exports to Michigan, Minnesota and New York.
  • President Donald Trump earlier on Tuesday threatened a 50% tariff on the country’s aluminum and steel, a sharp escalation in the budding trade war with Canada in retaliation for Ontario’s export surcharge.
    • budding trade war: 시작 단계의 무역 전쟁
  • But Trump later signaled he would back down.
  • When a reporter asked him at a White House event if that 50% tariff would still go into effect, Trump sidestepped: “I’ll let you know,” he said.
    • sidestep: 피하다, 회피하다
      • avoid, dodge
  • Shortly after those remarks, White House senior counselor for trade and manufacturing Peter Navarro confirmed in a CNBC interview that Trump’s threat of higher tariffs won’t be going into effect.
  • Instead, 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminum the US imports, including from Canada, are set to take effect at midnight on Wednesday, White House spokesperson Kush Desai told CNN in an emailed statement.
  • “It may go up higher,” Trump said Tuesday at an event hosted by the Business Roundtable.
  • “The higher it goes, the more likely it is they’re going to build,” he said, referring to more companies moving their production to the US.
    • more likely: 가능성이 더 큰
  • Markets initially fell sharply following Trump’s Truth Social post announcing his 50% tariff threat on Canadian aluminum and steel but pared their losses after the joint Lutnick-Ford statement.
    • pare their losses: 손실을 줄이다
      • reduce losses, cut back on losses
  • The Dow pared its losses but still fell after Trump said in comments outside the White House Tuesday that he didn’t care what happened to the stock market.
  • The Dow closed the day down 478 points, or 1.1%.
  • The broader S&P 500 fell 0.8% and approached correction territory, when a stock falls 10% from its high.
    • correction territory: 조정 구간
      • market correction zone
  • The Nasdaq Composite, already in correction, fell another 0.2%.
  💡[요약]
  • 트럼프 대통령은 캐나다산 철강과 알루미늄에 대한 50% 관세 위협을 철회
  • 이에 따라 온타리오 주는 미국 고객에 대한 전기의 추가 요금 부과를 중단
  • 고율 관세 시행 계획은 철회했으나 미국은 캐나다를 포함한 철강과 알루미늄에 대한 25% 관세는 수요일 자정부터 시행할 예정
  • 주식 시장은 여전히 하락세
  2nd paragraph
  • Tit for tat
  • Earlier Tuesday morning, Trump said he would respond in kind to Ontario’s 25% surcharge on electricity to New York, Minnesota and Michigan with a 25% tariff on Canadian electricity.
    • respond in kind: 같은 방식으로 대응하다
  • The surcharge, announced Monday, could have increased utility bills by $100 a month, according to Ford.
  • In addition, Trump said he would levy even larger tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum than he had planned Wednesday.
  • "Based on Ontario, Canada, placing a 25% Tariff on ‘Electricity’ coming into the United States, I have instructed my Secretary of Commerce to add an ADDITIONAL 25% Tariff, to 50%, on all STEEL and ALUMINUM COMING INTO THE UNITED STATES FROM CANADA, ONE OF THE HIGHEST TARIFFING NATIONS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD," Trump said in a social media post Tuesday.
  • Ford threatened to shut off electricity supply to the US entirely, and Mark Carney, Canada’s next leader, said he would continue to keep the pressure on America in response to Trump’s tariff actions.
  • "My government will keep our tariffs on until the Americans show us respect and make credible, reliable commitments to free and fair trade," he said in a post on X on Tuesday before the announcement from Lutnick and Ford.
  • White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said on Tuesday that Trump has yet to speak with Carney but that "his phone is always open to leaders who wish to speak with him.”
  • Trump had said he would declare a national electricity emergency in the states Ontario targeted.
  • "Can you imagine Canada stooping so low as to use ELECTRICITY, that so affects the life of innocent people, as a bargaining chip and threat?" he said in a Truth Social post.
    • stoop so low: 비열한 행동을 하다
    • bargaining chip: 협상 카드
  • Meanwhile, he threatened to "substantially" increase tariffs on cars coming into the United States from Canada starting on April 2.
  • The president said those auto tariffs "will, essentially, permanently shut down the automobile manufacturing business in Canada. Those cars can easily be made in the USA!”
  • The threat of 50% tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum comes ahead of a midnight deadline for when Trump threatened to impose 25% tariffs across all steel and aluminum imports. It’s unclear if Canada would still be included in those tariffs.
  • Another looming threat: A 250% tariff on dairy products from Canada, which the president announced on Friday, though he has yet to finalize anything.
  • Trump said the tariff would be in response to Canada’s taxes on American dairy products, which can be as high as 241% in the case of milk.
  • In an interview with CNN’s Wolf Blitzer on Tuesday, Ford said such tariffs get “under (Trump’s) skin,” but said it’s all the more reason why he thinks Trump should want to “sit down and talk about it.”
    • get under someone’s skin: ~를 화나게 하다, 신경을 건드리다
      • rub someone the wrong way
    • all the more reason: 더욱더 그럴 이유
    • sit down and talk: 진지하게 앉아서 대화하다
      • have a sit-down

💡[요약]

• 캐나다 온타리오 주에서 뉴욕, 미네소타, 미시간에 공급하는 전기에 25% 추가요금을 부과하자 트럼프는 이에 대한 보복으로 캐나다산 전기에 25% 관세 부과 발표
• 또한 캐나다산 철강과 알루미늄에 대해 50% 관세를 부과할 계획 발표
• 포드 주지사는 미국으로의 전기 공급 차단 경고
• 트럼프는 캐나다산 자동차에 대한 관세도 4월 2일부터 인상하는 계획 발표
• 또한 캐나다산 유제품에 대한 250% 관세 부과 가능성 언급
• 두 나라의 관세 전쟁이 강경해지는 상황

• 3rd paragraph
  • A threat to the American economy, too
  • While Trump’s aim is to hurt the Canadian economy by imposing higher steel and aluminum tariffs on them, the move risks hurting the American economy as well.
  • Canada is the top source of iron, steel and aluminum sent to the US.
    • top source: 주요 공급원
      • main supplier, primary provider, leading source
  • The US imported $11.4 billion worth of aluminum and $7.6 billion worth of iron and steel from Canada last year, according to data from the US Commerce Department.(The government data groups iron and steel together.)
    • group together: 함께 묶다, 한 범주로 분류하다
      • categorize, classify, lump together
  • Canadian aluminum exports account for 41% of all aluminum the US imported last year, while Canadian iron and steel accounted for nearly a quarter of it.
  • A 25% tariff on Canadian aluminum alone could cost the US 100,000 jobs, the CEO of one of the largest US aluminum makers, Alcoa, recently warned.
    • alone: ~만으로도, 단독으로
      • 특정 항목만으로도 강한 영향을 미칠 때 강조하는 표현
  • In total, the aluminum industry directly employs 164,000 workers in the US and indirectly employs an additional 272,000 workers within industries such as mining, construction and manufacturing, according to the Aluminum Association.
  • Though Alcoa is headquartered in Pittsburgh, a significant share of Alcoa’s aluminum production is located in Canada and then shipped to the US, William Oplinger, CEO of Alcoa, said at an industry conference last month.
  • Former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers labeled the tariff threats “the worst trade policy yet.”
  • “It is a self-inflicted wound to the U.S. economy that we cannot afford, at a moment when recession risks are rising,” Summers said in a Tuesday post on X.
    • self-inflicted wound: 자해, 스스로 초래한 피해
      • self-damage, self-caused harm
  • In a statement to CNN, United Steelworkers president David McCall said, “China and other bad actors for decades have abused international trade laws, undercutting our domestic industries and threatening the livelihoods of thousands of workers who play by the rules.”
    • bad actors: 불공정 행위자, 문제를 일으키는 사람이나 국가
    • undercut: 약화시키다, 저해하다
      • undermine, weaken, damage
    • livelihood: 생계, 생활수단
      • 개인이 생계를 유지하는 데 필요한 직업이나 수입을 언급할 때 사용
      • means of living, income, employment
  • “Canada, however, has always been a strong ally and should not be lumped with trade cheaters seeking to dominate global markets at our expense,” he said.
  💡[요약]
  • 캐나다는 미국 철강 및 알루미늄 수입의 중요한 공급원
  • 관세로 인해 미국 내 생산비 증가와 대량 실업이 우려
  • 전문가들은 이러한 행위가 미국 경제에 대한 자해 행위라고 비판
  • 무역 파트너였던 캐나다를 불공정 무역 국가와 동일시하는 것은 부당하다는 의견