4월 3일 유로뉴스 기사 - 트럼프의 관세 정책과 유럽 시장

Here's why President Trump's tariffs could benefit European consumers(03/04/2025)

 

출처: https://www.euronews.com/business/2025/04/03/heres-why-president-trumps-tariffs-could-benefit-european-consumers

Here's why President Trump's tariffs could benefit European consumers

1st paragraph

• President Donald Trump’s announcement of sweeping reciprocal tariffs, which were far steeper than many had anticipated, has sparked a global outcry. What do they mean for European consumers?
  • sweeping → 전면적인, 광범위한
    • comprehensive, wide-ranging, extensive
  • mean for → ~에게 의미하다
    • imply for, signify for, affect
• Stock markets have been rocked by volatility and uncertainty is mounting for companies entangled in global supply chains following a major tariff announcement from the US government.
  • rock → 충격을 주다, 흔들다
    • shake, disrupt, unsettle
  • mount → 증가하다, 커지다
    • increase, escalate, build up
  • entangle → 얽히게 하다
    • involve, trap, complicate
• The European Union will now face a 20% tariff rate on its exports to the United States. Higher tariff rates will apply to China (34%), Japan (24%), India (26%), along with other nations.
• The United Kingdom, Brazil, Australia and Turkey will face the lowest tariff rate of 10%, while Canada and Mexico have been excluded for goods compliant with the USMCA treaty.
• But while exporters brace for a hit, the shock move from Washington might not spell economic hardship for consumers.
  • spell → (결과를) 초래하다
    • result in, lead to, bring about
• In fact, it could lead to cheaper goods at home, at least in the short term.
  • at home → 국내에서
    • domestically, within the country
• At the heart of the matter lies Europe’s long-standing trade surplus with the United States.
  • lie → 놓여 있다, 존재하다 (여기서는 "핵심에 자리 잡고 있다"는 의미)
    • exist, be found, be situated
  • long-standing → 오랜 기간 지속된
    • established, long-term, enduring
• According to the European Commission, the European Union exported €503.8 billion in goods to the United States in 2023 and imported €347.2bn — yielding a trade surplus of €156.6bn.
• The picture shifts when it comes to services, with Europe importing €427.3bn and exporting €318.7bn. A large share of services imports are tied to US tech giants.
  • the picture shifts → 상황이 달라진다
    • rhe situation changes, the dynamics alter
  • be tied to → ~와 관련되다
    • be linked to, be connected with, be associated with
• Even so, the EU still maintains a positive overall trade surplus with the US.
  • even so → 그럼에도 불구하고
    • nevertheless, nonetheless, despite that

• This backdrop matters. If the US levies a 20% blanket tariff on EU goods, the brunt of the impact falls disproportionately on European exporters.
  • backdrop → (사건의) 배경, 정황
    • background, setting, context
  • brunt of the impact → 충격의 가장 큰 부분, 주된 피해
    • main force of the effect, heaviest burden, full impact
  • disproportionately → 불균형적으로
• Everything else being equal, European products just became 20% more expensive in one of their most important markets—risking a significant loss of competitiveness.
  • everything else being equal → 다른 모든 조건이 같다면
    • assuming all else remains unchanged, under the same conditions
  • risking → ~할 위험이 있다, ~을 초래할 가능성이 있다
    • posing a risk of, threatening, endangering
• A wheel of Parmigiano Reggiano from Italy, or a bottle of French wine, for example, will suddenly carry a 20% premium for American consumers.
  • a wheel of → (둥근 형태의) 한 덩어리 (주로 치즈에 사용)
    • a rount of, a block of
• European cars, in particular, could be hit hard. With tariffs on autos already at 25%, the additional 20% could render them uncompetitive, potentially sidelining them from US showrooms altogether.
  • render → (어떤 상태가) 되게 만들다

[요약]

• 트럼프는 유럽 연합에 20%, 중국 34%, 일본 24% 등 높은 관세 부과
• 캐나다와 멕시코는 USMCA 협정에 따라 관세 면제
• 트럼프의 관세 정책은 유럽과 미국 간 무역 관계에 중요한 영향
• 그러나 미국 관세 조치가 반드시 소비자들에게 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것은 아님
  • 단기적으로 국내 상품 가격이 낮아질 가능성
  • 유럽연합은 미국과의 무역 관계에서 전체적인 흑자를 기록
• 와인과 치즈는 가격 경쟁력을 잃을 것
  • 특히 차는 경쟁력을 완전히 잃고 퇴출될 가능성

2nd paragraph

• Subtitle: From export squeeze to domestic surplus
  • export squeeze → 수출 위축, 수출 감소 압박
    • declin in exports, export contraction
  • domestic surplus → 국내 공급 과잉, 국내 잉여
    • overabundance of goods at home, local ovrsupply
• The US accounts for roughly 12% of total EU exports, meaning that replacing that demand overnight is nearly impossible.
  • overnight → 하루아침에, 즉각적으로
    • suddenly, instantly, immeduately
• As US demand wanes, inventories could pile up in Europe and elsewhere. That means more goods available for the domestic market—which, in turn, could lead to discounts and lower prices for European consumers.
  • wane → 줄어들다, 약해지다
    • decline, deminish, weaken
• In the short term, this could prompt firms to offload excess stock in domestic markets, fuelling price competition and potential discounts.
  • offload → (재고 등을) 처분하다
    • sell off, get rid of, unload
• At the same time, the European market risks being flooded by goods redirected from other major exporting nations—such as China, Japan, and India—that are also facing steep trade barriers in the US. This added wave of global supply could further amplify availability and intensify downward pressure on prices across the continent.
• In other words, a trade shock that weakens external demand might—ironically—translate into modest disinflationary pressure within Europe, at least temporarily.

3rd paragraph

• Subtitle: Which products could see lower prices
• Europe’s trade surplus with the United States is heavily concentrated in a handful of key sectors. Pharmaceuticals lead the way, accounting for a €57bn surplus, followed closely by vehicles at €44bn, based on International Trade Centre data.
  • a handful of → 몇 개의, 소수의
    • a few, several
• The beverage industry contributes another €8bn, while ships and boats add €5.4bn. Luxury goods—including leather products, apparel, and footwear—deliver a combined surplus of €9bn. If demand from the US market weakens, these sectors risk accumulating unsold inventory.
  • deliver a surplus → 흑자를 내다
    • generate profits, post gains
  • accumulate → 쌓이다, 축적되다
    • build up, pile up
• In the short term, European consumers may benefit from cheaper p rices in pharmaceuticals, vehicles, clothing, and even food and beverages.

[요약]

• 유럽은 미국과의 무역에서 제약, 자동차, 명품 등 몇몇 산업을 통해 큰 흑자를 내고 있음
• 글로벌 수요가 줄어들면 유럽 내 소비자에게 단기적으로 가격 인하의 혜택을 가져올 것

4th paragraph

• Subtitle: Real inflationary risks remain subdued for now
  • subdued → 억제된, 낮은 수준의
    • muted, restrained, under control

• One of the main inflationary triggers for Europe in recent years has been energy costs, as the bloc remains heavily reliant on energy imports.
  • bloc → 연합체 (여기선 유럽연합)
    • union, group of countries
• In 2024, Europe imported €700bn in energy products—including crude oil, natural gas and refined fuels—resulting in a trade deficit of €346bn in the sector.
  • resulting in → 그 결과 ~이 되다
    • leading to, causing
• Yet, early market reactions to Trump’s tariffs suggest that inflationary fears tied to energy are easing, not accelerating.
• Crude oil prices dropped more than 3% on Thursday, and European natural gas benchmark Dutch TTF slid 2%, amid expectations of slowing global demand due to reduced trade activity.
  • amid → ~하는 가운데
    • in the contest of, during
• Meanwhile, concerns that a sharp depreciation of the euro could fuel import-driven inflation have not materialised. Instead, the euro has strengthened, rising over 1.5% to 1.10 against the dollar, marking a six-month high.
  • materialise / materialize → 구체화되다, 실현되다
  • marking a ~ high → ~의 최고치를 기록하다
    • reaching a peak, hitting a new high
• In summary, US products constitute a smaller portion of European consumer baskets compared to the reverse. European consumers could surprisingly find themselves on the winning side of an otherwise bitter global trade war.
  • consumer basket → 소비자 물품 구성

[요약]

• 에너지 비용은 유럽 인플레이션의 핵심 요인이었지만, 트럼프의 관세 정책 이후 에너지 가격은 하락세
• 유로화는 달러에 대하여 강세를 보임
• 미국 제품은 유럽 소비자 구매 목록에서 큰 비중을 차지하지 않아 유럽 내 물가 상승 압력도 제한적