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CNN 3월 4일 기사 - 트럼프 대통령의 관세 조치

ulbeom 2025. 3. 4. 16:37

US tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China take effect, opening door to painful trade war(TUE March 4, 2025)

  • 1st paragraph
    • US tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China take effect, opening door to painful trade war
    • President Donald Trump’s blanket 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada took effect on Tuesday, an extraordinary action aimed at bringing America’s top trading partners to heel.
      • bring to heel: (상대를) 굴복시키다, 통제하다
    • But it threatens to weaken the North American economy, including that of the United States, at a time of significant stress.
    • Trump also doubled the tariff on all Chinese imports to 20% from 10%.
    • Those duties sit atop existing tariffs on hundreds of billions in Chinese goods.
      • sit atop: ~의 위에 있다 (비유적으로 “추가되다”는 의미로 사용)
    • “While President Trump gave both Canada and Mexico ample opportunity to curb the dangerous cartel activity and influx of lethal drugs flowing into our country, they have failed to adequately address the situation,” according to a statement released by the White House shortly before the tariffs took effect.
      • ample : 충분한
    • The tariffs come at a time when inflation remains problematic.
      • come at a time when : ~한 시기에 발생하다
    • Americans, and the US economy as a whole, are on shakier ground, as evidenced by recent data.
      • as a whole: 전체적으로
      • on shakier ground: 더 불안정한 상태에 있는
    • The tariffs threaten to raise the prices Americans pay for a wide array of goods that are imported from the three nations, which collectively shipped $1.4 trillion worth of goods to the US last year, according to Commerce Department data.
    • The only goods that won’t face a 25% tariff from Canada are energy-related items such as crude oil, one of the top goods the US imports from there.
    • Instead, they’ll face a 10% tariff.
    • Fresh produce, cars and car parts and electronics, including phones and computers, are among the top goods the US imports from Mexico, Canada and China that will now face tariffs between 20% and 25%.
    💡 [요약]
    • 미국이 멕시코, 캐나다, 중국에 대한 관세 부과를 시행
    • 멕시코와 캐나다에 25% 관세, 중국에는 20% 관세를 적용
    • 미국 경제 자체에 대한 부정적 영향 우려
  • 2nd paragraph
    • China, Canada retaliate
    • Beijing retaliated on Tuesday by announcing 15% tariffs on chicken, wheat, corn, and cotton, according to a statement from the State Council Tariff Commission.
    • Additionally, a 10% tariff on “sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products,” took effect, it said.
      • sorghum : 수수
    • Separately, China’s Ministry of Commerce said it added 15 American companies, including drone maker Skydio, to its export control list, which would bar Chinese companies from exporting dual-use equipment to them.
      • separately: 별도로, 한편
    • Speaking ahead of the opening of the National’s People Congress, China’s parliament, on Wednesday, spokesperson Lou Qinjian told reporters: “We will not accept pressure or threats and will resolutely safeguard our national sovereignty, security, and development interests.”
    • In Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said hours before the tariffs took effect that Ottawa would immediately respond with tariffs on $30 billion of US goods.
    • By March 25, he said Canada would impose an additional $125 billion tariff on American goods.
    • “Canada will not let this unjustified decision go unanswered,” Trudeau said in a statement.
    • Despite Trump’s prior claims that exporters pay for tariffs, it’s actually the parties receiving goods from abroad that pay the tariff upfront.
    • Those parties, often businesses, typically then pass on the additional tariff costs to consumers by raising prices.
      • pass on costs: 비용을 전가하다
    • But in some cases, they may opt to, or be forced to, absorb the higher costs.
      • be forced to: 어쩔 수 없이 ~하다
    💡[요약]
    • 미국의 관세에 대한 보복으로 중국은 미국산 농산물과 육류에 최대 15 관세를 부과
    • 일부 미국 기업을 수출 통제 목록에 추가
    • 캐나다 역시 미국산 제품에 대해 최대 1,250억 달러 규모의 보복 관세 발표
    • 이로 인해 수입업자들이 관세 비용을 먼저 부담해야 하며, 이는 소비자 가격 인상으로 이어질 가능성
  • 3rd paragraph
    • Impact on spending
    • Although America’s economy remains resilient, tariffs come during a time of increasing cracks in the foundation.
      • remain resilient: 회복력을 유지하다
    • A Bureau of Economic Analysis report Friday showed consumer spending unexpectedly fell in January, and a recent inflation report showed consumer prices rebounded in January and inflation continues to grow at a stubbornly high pace.
    • Meanwhile, consumer confidence fell the most to start a year since 2009, and a separate consumer sentiment report last month registered the biggest decline since records began in 1978.
      • consumer confidence: 소비자 신뢰도
      • fell the most: 가장 큰 폭으로 하락했다
    • That’s a problem because consumer spending makes up more than two-thirds of America’s economic activity.
    • Friday’s jobs report is expected to show growth continues to stagnate.
    • Trump’s immigration crackdown also threatens homebuilding, agriculture and other key industries.
    • Smith said NFTC, a trade organization, supports the Trump administration’s goal “to address illicit activity at our borders.”
      • address illicit activity: 불법 활동을 해결하다
    • However, they are “deeply concerned” by the new tariffs, which they claim will “raise costs for American businesses and consumers and undermine US economic growth.”
     💡[요약]
    • 미국 1월 소비 지출이 예상치 못하게 감소
    • 소비자 물가가 1월에 반등했고 인플레이션 역시 빠른 속도로 증가
    • 소비자 신뢰 지수는 가장 큰 폭으로 하락
    • 소비 지출이 미국 경제 활동의 3분의 2 이상을 차지 하기 때문에 큰 문제
    • 금요일에 발표될 고용 보고서는 성장 정체가 계속되고 있음을 보여줄 것으로 예상
    • 이민 단속 정책은 건설업, 농업 등의 주요 산업에도 위협
  • 4th paragraph
    • Trump and his administration have suggested that the latest round of tariffs, though significant, are only the beginning.
      • only the beginning : 단지 시작일 뿐
        • far from over
    • Steel and aluminum tariffs are set to go into effect March 12. And reciprocal tariffs, dollar-for-dollar tariffs that match what other countries impose on US goods, are expected to go into effect on April 2.
      • set to go into effect: 시행될 예정이다
      • dollar-for-dollar tariffs: 같은 금액의 관세
        • equivalent dutied
    • Meanwhile, Trump keeps hinting at more tariffs to come. Last week, Trump signed an executive order to investigate lumber tariffs.
      • keep hinting at: 계속해서 암시하다
        • continuously suggesting
    • Although he has long suggested America doesn’t need Canadian lumber, the tariff threatens to raise the prices of new homes – a key inflation driver for American families.
    • Trump also hinted Monday that he would impose tariffs on agricultural imports, in an attempt to boost domestic sales. Such tariffs would go into effect on April 2, he said in a Truth Social post.
    💡[요약]
    • 이번 관세 조치는 시작에 불과
    • 철강, 알루미늄, 농산물 등에 대한 추가 관세 조치 암시
    • 캐나다 목재에 대한 관세는 신축 주택 가격 상승 유발 우려
    • 4월 2일에는 국내 판매를 촉진시키기 위해 농산물에 대한 관세를 부과할 예정